Method for producing 2-chloromethylphenyl acetic acid derivatives

ABSTRACT

A process for preparing 2-(chloromethyl)phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I,  
                 
 
where X is C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy or methylamino, by ether cleavage of compounds of the formula II,  
                 
 
where R is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 2 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyloxy, halogen, nitro or cyano and X is as defined above comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of hydrogen chloride and an inert solvent, and adding a catalyst to the reaction mixture selected from the group consisting of iron, indium and halides, oxides and triflates thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing 2-(chloromethyl)phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I,

where X is C₁-C₄-alkoxy or methylamino, by ether cleavage of compounds of the formula II,

where R is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₂-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyloxy, halogen, nitro or cyano and X is as defined above.

J. Chem. Research (S) 232-3 (1985) and J. Org. Chem. 64, 4545 (1981) disclose methods for cleaving benzyl ethers in the presence of specific Lewis acids such as sodium iodide/boron trifluoride or iron(III) chloride on silica. The Lewis acids are used in greater than stoichiometric quantities, which makes the process uneconomical.

Synlett (10), 1575-6 (1999) describes a process for cleaving 4-nitrobenzyl ethers in the presence of indium and aqueous ammonium chloride. Indium is used in an excess of more than 8 equivalents based on the ether to be cleaved.

A process for preparing 2-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetic acid derivatives of the formula I by cleaving the appropriate benzyl ethers II is described in WO-A 97/21686. This involves admixing the benzyl ether II with an excess of two or more mol equivalents of boron trichloride.

The prior art processes use greater than stoichiometric quantities of Lewis acids. The handling of Lewis acids used is additionally problematic and the majority thereof are highly corrosive.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalytic process for preparing 2-(chloromethyl)phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I from the appropriate benzyl ethers in high yield and selectivity which does not have the abovementioned disadvantages. Care also had to be taken that the benzyl ether II was cleaved with high selectivity, i.e. that the methoxyiminophenylglyoxylic acid unit in the target compound I was retained.

We have found that this object is achieved by carrying out the ether cleavage in the presence of hydrogen chloride and an inert solvent, and adding a catalyst to the reaction mixture selected from the group consisting of iron, indium and halides, oxides and triflates thereof.

The hydrogen chloride is generally passed into the reaction mixture in gaseous form. However, it is also possible to condense in the hydrogen chloride. In general, the hydrogen chloride is used in a molar ratio relative to the benzyl ether of from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10 and more preferably from 3 to 5 mol equivalents.

Useful catalysts include Lewis acids selected from the group consisting of iron, indium and halides, oxides and triflates thereof. Preferred catalysts are iron and indium(III) chloride and also in particular iron(III) oxide and iron(III) chloride. The catalyst is used in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.5 and preferably from 0.01 to 0.2 mol equivalents.

Useful solvents include aromatic (halogenated) hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, bromobenzene and benzotrifluoride; aliphatic (halogenated) hydrocarbons, e.g. pentane, heptane, dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride; cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. cyclohexane and cyclopentane; ethers, e.g. dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether and di-isopropyl ether; and esters, e.g. ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. Mixtures of these solvents may also be used.

Preferred solvents are aromatic (halogenated) hydrocarbons and aliphatic (halogenated) hydrocarbons.

It may possibly be advantageous to add Lewis bases, e.g. pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline or ethanethiol and/or further auxiliaries such as trimethylsilyl chloride, to the reaction mixture.

It may also be advantageous to work in a biphasic system in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, e.g. tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrahexylammonium chloride, tetrabutylphosphonium chloride, bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium chloride, trimethylbenzylammonium chloride, triethylbenzylammonium chloride or triphenylbenzylammonium chloride.

The reaction temperature is customarily from 0 to 100° C. and preferably from 30 to 70° C. The reaction pressure is customarily from 0 to 6 bar. Preference is given to carrying out the reaction under atmospheric pressure.

It is also advantageous to perform the ether cleavage under a protective gas atmosphere.

Useful starting materials for the ether cleavage include the benzyl ethers II mentioned at the outset. They are accessible by literature methods (EP-A 253 213, EP-A 254 426, EP-A 398 692 or EP-A 477 631). In particular, the crop protection agents currently on the market are suitable, for example methyl 2-methoxyimino-2-[(2-methylphenyloxymethyl)phenyl] acetate (Kresoxim-methyl, EP-A 253 213).

After the ether cleavage, the reaction mixture is generally worked up by extraction. Catalyst impurities may be removed, for example, by extraction using aqueous mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid. The phenol cleavage product may advantageously be removed by extraction using aqueous alkali such as sodium hydroxide.

The 2-(chloromethyl)phenylacetic acid derivative obtained may be further processed directly, dissolved in the inert solvent, or as a melt after distillative removal of the solvent.

The crude product can be further purified by recrystallization in alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol or mixtures thereof or mixtures of alcohols and dimethylformamide. The crude product can also be purified by melt crystallization.

PROCESS EXAMPLES Inventive Example 1

7.5 g (24 mmol) of kresoxim-methyl were dissolved in 150 ml of chlorobenzene. 0.32 g (2.4 mmol) of iron(III) chloride were then added and 2.6 g (72 mmol) of hydrogen chloride were gassed in within 1 h, during the heating phase to 50° C. The reaction mixture was held at 50° C. for a further 2 hours with stirring and the conversion was then monitored by means of HPLC. After the reaction had ended, the reaction solution was cooled and admixed with 10 ml of methanol. The reaction mixture was extracted, first with hydrochloric acid and then with sodium hydroxide. The organic phase was washed to neutrality and then freed of solvent. The yield of methyl 2-methoxyimino-2-[(2-chloromethyl)phenyl]acetate was 75%.

Inventive Example 2

7.5 g (24 mmol) of kresoxim-methyl were dissolved in 150 ml of toluene. 0.53 g (2.4 mmol) of indium(III) chloride were then added and 2.6 g (72 mmol) of hydrogen chloride were gassed in within 1 h, during the heating phase to 40° C. The reaction mixture was held at 40° C. for a further 4 hours with stirring and then worked up as in inventive example 1. The yield of methyl 2-methoxyimino-2-[(2-chloromethyl)phenyl]acetate was 80%.

Inventive Example 3

The ether cleavage of inventive example 1 was repeated in 150 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane. 4.1 g (112 mmol) of hydrogen chloride were gassed in within 1 h, during the heating phase to 100° C., and the reaction mixture was held at 100° C. for a further 5 hours. The yield of product of value was 80%.

Comparative Example 4

7.5 g (24 mmol) of kresoxim-methyl were dissolved in 150 ml of toluene. 0.32 g (2.4 mmol) of aluminum chloride were then added and 2.6 g (72 mmol) of hydrogen chloride were gassed in within 1 h, during the heating phase to 100° C. The reaction mixture was held at 100° C. for a further 2 hours with stirring and then worked up as in inventive example 1. The yield of product of value was 30%.

Comparative Example 5

7.5 g (24 mmol) of kresoxim-methyl were dissolved in 150 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane. 0.63 g (2.4 mmol) of tin tetrachloride were then added and 2.6 g (72 mmol) of hydrogen chloride were gassed in within 1 h, during the heating phase to 85° C. The reaction mixture was held at 85° C. for a further 4 hours with stirring and then worked up as in Inventive Example 1. The yield of product of value was 30%. 

1-5. (canceled)
 6. A process for preparing a 2-(chloromethyl) phenylacetic acid derivative of formula I,

where X is C1-C4-alkoxy or methylamino, said process comprising ether cleaving a compound of formula II,

where R is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C2-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4-alkylcarbonyloxy, halogen, nitro or cyano and X is as defined above, with hydrogen chloride, in the presence of an inert solvent and a catalyst.
 7. The process of claim 6 wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of iron, indium and halides, oxides and triflates thereof.
 8. The process of claim 6, wherein said catalyst is iron (III) chloride.
 9. The process of claim 6, wherein said catalyst is iron.
 10. The process of claim 6, wherein said catalyst is indium (III) chloride.
 11. The process of claim 6, wherein said catalyst is iron (III) oxide.
 12. The process of claim 6, wherein said catalyst has a concentration in the components of the ether cleaving reaction of about 0.001 to 0.5 mol equivalents.
 13. The process of claim 6, wherein said catalyst has a concentration in the components of the ether cleaving reaction of about 0.01 to 0.2 mol equivalents.
 14. The process of claim 6, wherein said hydrogen chloride has a concentration in the components of the ether cleaving reaction of about 1 to 25 mol equivalents.
 15. The process of claim 6, wherein said hydrogen chloride has a concentration in the components of the ether cleaving reaction of about 1 to 10 mol equivalents.
 16. The process of claim 6, wherein said hydrogen chloride has a concentration in the components of the ether cleaving reaction of about 3 to 5 mol equivalents.
 17. The process of claim 6, wherein said inert solvent is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
 18. The process of claim 6, wherein said inert solvent is an aliphatic (halogenated) hydrocarbon.
 19. The process of claim 6 wherein said hydrogen chloride is passed into the ether cleaving reaction mixture in gaseous form.
 20. The process of claim 6 wherein said hydrogen chloride is condensed into said ether cleaving reaction.
 21. The process of claim 6 further comprising adding at least one Lewis base to the said ether cleaving reaction.
 22. The process of claim 16 wherein said Lewis base is pyridine.
 23. The process of claim 16 wherein said Lewis base is N,N-dimethylaniline.
 24. The process of claim 16 wherein said Lewis base is ethanethiol.
 25. The process of claim 6 further comprising adding trimethylsilyl chloride to said ether cleaving reaction.
 26. The process of claim 6 further comprising conducting said ether cleaving reaction in a biphasic system in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.
 27. The process of claim 6 further comprising performing said ether cleaving reaction under a protective gas atmosphere.
 28. The process of claim 6 wherein said ether cleaving reaction temperature is between about 0 to 100° C.
 29. The process of claim 6 wherein said ether cleaving reaction temperature is between about 30 to 70° C.
 30. The process of claim 6 wherein said ether cleaving reaction pressure is from about 0 to 6 bar.
 31. The process of claim 6 wherein said ether cleaving reaction pressure is atmospheric pressure. 